The instantaneous value of a quantity is the value of that quantity at a specific time. Often we will be interested in the average value of a time-varying quantity. But obviously, the average value of a sinusoidal function over one period is zero. For sinusoids, then, another concept, that of the root-meansquare (or rms) value, is more useful: For any time-varying function f (t) with period T, the average value over one period is given by.
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